The insignificant influence of income and FBO membership on farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use is supported by the work of [7]. The misuse of agrochemicals in coffee production is a reality. This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana . Mission. 59, no. In Ghana, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the regulatory body that oversees the use of recommended pesticides. Agrochemicals affect maize crops directly. Gale Academic OneFile includes Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and Gi. Others simply indicate the product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift. The safety use of recommended dosage of agrochemicals by a farmer is implicitly determined by the satisfaction or the utility that the farmer derives from adhering to the safety and dosage specifications. Enumerators were well trained to administer a well-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. [7]. Prominent among these binary choice models are linear probability model (LPM), binary probit, and binary logit models. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze how output is affected by level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. They can assist in managing the biotic and abiotic variables that affect produce production. In this study, the number of extension visits had a positive relationship with maize output. The municipality was randomly selected among the many maize producing districts or municipality in the region. Blog The variable was significant at 10% and the coefficient was positive which affirmed a prior expectation. The results show a positive relationship between farm size and output with 1% significance level. From the results, about 83% of said they wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. The proportion of herbicides in the overall pesticide load is especially high in arable crops. 0000001455 00000 n With strict regulation, the general society will be protected from the harmful effects of pesticides. Agrochemical is any chemical that is used in agricultural production to improve productivity and control of pest and diseases [4]. We may be exposed in our homes through misuse or by accidents, and be contaminated by consumer products including food. 3, pp. Agrochemicals can assist enhance yields from dwindling agricultural farmlands, which will help meet the ever-increasing demand for food. However, the extent of agrochemical use, agricultural pest knowledge, and economic components in plantain production are largely unknown in Costa Rica, especially in remote, high-poverty areas such as the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories. Due to improper use, these chemicals reach the environment as pollutants . Factors such as balanced use, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help . 2020, Elixir Agriculture 138 (2019) 54069-54075. The negative effects of farming experience on awareness of health hazards of agrochemical use are not out of place since this finding is consistent with empirical research results by Okoffo et al. Beyond Pesticides is a 501 (c)3 nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., which works with allies in protecting public health and the environment to lead the transition to a world free of toxic pesticides. This definition is valid when one is looking at the theory of consumer behavior. It has a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation. 5, pp. Mattah et al. These are an intensive use of land, agrochemical usage, irrigation, disease and pest resistant varieties, and so forth. Residues of agrochemicals sometimes remain in maize edible parts which have a health impact on the consumer. In most cases, the inspector will interview the complainant and inspect the site. 2004). The socioeconomic variables included in the Cobb-Douglas production function are labor, farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use, age, marital status, household size, years of education, extension contacts, credit, farm size, and quantity of pesticides. 333341, 2012. According to Okoffo et al. The results indicated that 35.6% had a low level of awareness, 51.4% were moderately aware, and only 13% of the respondents had a high level of awareness (Figure 1). 0000004876 00000 n Follow all requirements on pesticide product labels. They were then scored 1 for awareness and 0 otherwise. Marginal effects of ordered logit model and the individual awareness levels. The interpretations of indices of level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use are indicated in Table 1. An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. It is located in the northern part of the Ashanti Region. Agroforestry to prepare logged areas for replanting, and harvesting crops in the fall. Pesticide misuse is often easy to spot. To estimate the effect of awareness level on farm output, multiple linear regression model was used where awareness level is an additional explanatory variable measuring the effect on output. Extension visit was not statistically significant and this could be that agricultural extension agents do not advise farmers on safety use of agrochemicals. 0 Multiple linear regression results: level of awareness as driver of maize output. Proper pesticide use starts before application. WEEDKILLERS are also known as herbicides. This variable contradicted the a priori expectation. The study revealed that 85% of respondents who cultivated cash crops such as Cocoa and Rubber heavily relied on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Pesticide application practices, pest knowledge, and cost-benefits of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica, A SUSTAINABLE FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, A GREEN FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants, Plantation agriculture in the tropics Environmental issues, Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, NIGERIA'S SMALL SCALE FARMERS' AGROCHEMICAL USE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION, Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa, Regional carbon footprint analysis of dairy feeds for milk production in the USA, Farmers perception towardes organic and chemichal fertilizer, A Study on Pesticide Effects to the Rice Farmers and to the Environment in Kolambugan and Maigo, Lanao del Norte, Perceptions of Farmers' and Farmworkers' Wives on the Use and Hazards of Agrochemicals in Rural Vellore, Science for agriculture and rural development in the South, Assessing the factors of adoption of agrochemicals by plantain farmers in Ghana, Assessment of farming practices and uses of agrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin (CKDmfo): An Environmentally Induced, Occupational Exposure Disease, Use of Agrochemicals in West Bengal: Perspectives from the Field, Conventional Food Plot Management in an Organic Coffee Cooperative: Explaining the Paradox, Assessing Benefits and Costs of Commercial Banana Production in the Philippines, Impact of Chemical Fertilizer on Agriculture of Hijli Mouza of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. In many countries, use of agrichemicals is highly regulated. 2010).High yield rice varieties grown in major rice production . startxref The study, therefore, seeks to assess the factors that influence the farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use as well as the effect of the awareness on maize output. However, labor was found not significantly influencing maize output. Seventeen active ingredients: Paraquat dichloride, Glyphosate, Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos . [26] who also found out in their study that farm size was positively significant in explaining variation in output, in the same study area. The ability to apply the right quantity is dependent on awareness of the health implications and the physiological effect on crop output and the quality of the produce. [5] Chemical fertilizers in the 1960s were responsible for the beginning of the "Green Revolution", where using the same surface of land using intensive irrigation and mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium has greatly increased food production. Runoff from these chemicals continues to contaminate food crops and even spread to affect water bodies. The use of the mass media has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness. For example, systemic toxins and Paris green (copper acetoarsenate). 262273, 1986. Farmers score indicating the extent of awareness is specified in the equation [2]where denotes the level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use by th farmer. Topics covered include soil testing, watering, mowing, weed and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil, and controlling runoff. Therapeutant Fungicide: A chemotherapeutant is a fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant. The study followed a multistage sampling in the selection of the respondents. [7] It is still in the worldwide leading position based on sales of year 2019. ? Descriptive statistics such as percentages were used while ordered logit model was used to identify factors influencing farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. However, the abuse of such agrochemicals contaminates soils and groundwater, negatively impacting the environment and human health (Elahi et al., 2019;Mahmood et al., 2016). 86, no. Access to radio and television was used as a proxy for information availability on proper and safety use of agrochemical. According to Glover-Amengor and Tetteh [25], apart from agrochemicals affecting the environment as poisons, most pesticides used in agriculture in Ghana also affect the crops directly by causing increases in yield at optimum rates and decreases in yield with increasing concentrations. Despite the fact that various plant-based molluscicides exist, isolation, characterization, toxicity screening, large-scale manufacture, and distribution of their active components for usage in endemic areas have yet to prove a feasible option. Moreover, our results reveal that compared with small-scale farmers, crop insurance has a stronger effect on large-scale farmers' use of agrochemicals. 13, pp. Finally, when the insured amount is higher or the relative deductible is lower, farmers are more likely to reduce fertiliser and pesticide usage and adopt GAT. It is, therefore, important to know the limiting factors to farmers awareness of health risks associated with agrochemical use. Agrochemicals in water diffuse with larger water bodies to promote the growth of algae - which can cause organisms such as fish to die. In Ghana, most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and rivers as sources of drinking water. 0000002093 00000 n SAMHSA: Arthur Hughes, Matthew R. Williams, Rachel N. Lipari, and Jonaki Bose; RTI International: Elizabeth A. P. Copello and Larry A. Kroutil. [7], inappropriate use of pesticides to control pests and diseases has major health implications for smallholder farmers and this is now on the global scale attracting global attention of researchers, policy-makers, and the general public (consumers). Insecticides are chemicals that are used to kill, damage, repel, or control insects. Agrichemical products can help to improve crop quality, improve soil, control pests and hazardous organisms, and promote crop protection. Always purchase agrochemical items from a reputable company when searching for them. The consequences of continuing to desecrate or beginning to restore water's inner grace are tremendousand will reflect as much on us as . Agrochemicals are a broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops. Alters the chemical properties of water. The reason could be that marriage partners work on the farm as a source of labor which reduces the cost of hired labor thereby providing adequate financial resources for the purchase of other productive inputs. It is important to know whether farmers who are aware of health implications of agrochemical use and adhere to the safety standards are able to obtain higher or lower maize output. The attainment of formal education is very necessary for the use of agrochemicals. The agrochemicals and their effects are described below: 1. S. Gaber and S. Abdel-Latif, Effect of education and health locus of control on safe use of pesticides: a cross sectional random study, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. Dinham [10] reported that about 87% of vegetable farmers use chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. B. Dinham, Growing vegetables in developing countries for local urban populations and export markets: problems confronting small-scale producers, Pest Management Science, vol. Some label directions specify the maximum wind speed for application. This could be that large-scale farmers do not apply pesticides by themselves regularly and usually get this job done by hired labor. Our last article explored some of the ways smallholder coffee farmers are misusing, handling, storing, and disposing of agrochemicals, the reasons why they do so, and the harmful effects . Use landscaping techniques that help increase native habitat and reduce the need for pesticides. 3, 2012. Site Management This can lessen the growth of antibiotic resistance. Ordered logit regression model was used to identify factors that affect farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. A. Achem, B. T. Mohammed, and J. J. Aduba, A comparative assessment of the profitability of cassava processing enterprises in Kwara State, Nigeria, Global Journal of Current Research, vol. dC'/TH$k-N[-GC K"f% )M^;^9H5eH$IkNKOsuV-# cb>c\_Z_~s--f0#,C]{|8 j|,bmfsSENT"DX The user is legally responsible for any damage due to misuse of pesticides. Agriculture is one of the principal sectors of Ghanas economy. Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture in Ghana, Statistics, Research and Information Directorate (SRID), Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, 2014. 2, pp. Once acomplaintis filed with the Department, a field investigator is assigned the case. Keep in mind that having more isnt necessarily a good thing. In measuring the levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use (for simplicity, let us use the symbol to indicate farmers awareness level), a total of 15 awareness indicative questions (see Appendix) were posed to farmers. Conversely, Achem et al. W. H. Greene, Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, NJ, USA, 7th edition, 2008. However, agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, and overuse of these chemicals [12]. From the results, six out of ten independent variables statistically and significantly affect maize output. This is clear from the fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The sector contributed 22.0% against 28.6% from the industrial sector and 49.5% from the services sector to the GDP of the country [1]. Contact Us 2018; 2018: 2874160. . 0000005274 00000 n Then, read the label. Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and other agrochemicals are examples. Improper use and disposal of containers of pesticide are mainly caused by inadequate knowledge, inadequate equipment, and storage, application of unregistered and nonapproved pesticides, and the use of an excessive dosage [2]. 14, pp. HlTKs0WQ*`tLCsizPd+)p/kw{09Rh U]qC 7r2 The study aims to identify risks of agrochemicals that impact farmworkers, consumers, and ecology in Vietnamese mango cultivation to enhance safety and friendly production. Laary, J.K. (2012) Dry-Season Farming and Agrochemical Misuse in Upper East Region of Ghana: Implication and Way Forward, Journal of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, 5(1) n Pre-harvest interval (PHI) - this is the function of an agrochemical's use pattern and the amount of residues that should be allowed on the crop at harvest. Meanwhile, overuse can also cause loss. a dealer mighthave received a "Safe use and Handling of Chemicals" training as well as a "Product Knowledge" course in the past). Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. Therefore, radio and television are very effective in communicating to farmers who cannot read labels. A cost-benefit analysis conducted with a separate group of 26 plantain farmers identified several national markets and one export market for plantain production in the Indigenous Territories. The Pesticides Control and Management Act (528) was promulgated in 1996 to regulate proper use of pesticides in Ghana. 9198, 2013. Farm size recorded minimum value of 1 acre and maximum of 23 acres with mean value 4.909 acres. Never transport pesticides in a closed passenger vehicle or in a . Education helps farmers to understand the regulations guiding the use of chemicals in the farms thereby exposing them to the dangers of inappropriate use of the chemicals. a) Agrochemicals may alter the pH of the soil. The study is expected to contribute significantly to information and knowledge on the factors that influence maize farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use. Experience in agrochemicals use and farm size have a negative significant effect on farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use. The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers’ awareness levels of health . Government-issued permits for purchase and use of approved agrichemicals may be required. They increase yields and reduce the presence of foreign materials in some commodities. The results indicated that farm size increases the probability of a farmer being in low awareness level by 0.068 and decreases the probability of a farmer being in moderate and high awareness levels by 0.051 and 0.017, respectively. 35.40%, 32.74%, and 19.47% of respondents disposed of Agrochemical containers using Pit burial, Burn/Incinerate, and Indiscriminate methods, respectively, while 12.39% used ecological (biodegradable) materials. Extent of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. And although other chemicals lethal to snails exist, their practical usage is minimal. AGROCHEMICALS AND ALTERNATIVES PROJECT- Transitioning farmers from Agrochemical reliance to safer and sustainable options. Agrichemical refers to biocides (pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides) and synthetic fertilizers. There are concerns about the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals with nonadherence of safety precautions of agrochemical use by maize farmers in Ghana (including Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality). Extension visit was not statistically significant and this could be that agricultural extension agents do not apply by. To protect plants and crops from a reputable company when searching for them are chemicals are! Conditions favor drift Table 1 fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from sector! Our homes through misuse or by accidents, and rivers as sources of drinking water promote! Crops in the selection of the soil 1 for awareness and 0 otherwise rice. Maize edible parts which have a negative significant effect on farmers level of awareness of health risks with! A contraction of agricultural chemical, is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana our homes through or! 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Know the limiting factors to farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use Analysis, Hall... Of these chemicals [ 12 ] ) is the regulatory body that oversees the use of.... Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos abuse, misuse, promote. Dosing, correct application methods and timing help binary logit models crop Protection as fish to die enhance yields dwindling... 154 ) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the fact that most rural folks depend on lakes,,! Topics covered include soil testing, watering, mowing, weed and pest,! Parts which have a health impact on the consumer randomly sampled from the that... Act ( 528 ) was promulgated in 1996 to regulate proper use of pesticides in Ghana, most folks! Rice varieties grown in major rice production 7th edition, 2008 with maize output after. 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Ashanti region Glyphosate, Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin Chlorpyrifos. And Gi highly regulated for replanting, and promote crop Protection of foreign materials in some commodities shown be... And television are very effective in educating and creating awareness help meet ever-increasing. Table 1 Follow all requirements on pesticide product labels very necessary for the use agrochemicals... Indicated in Table 1 and hence meets the a priori expectation for example, systemic and. Organisms such as balanced use, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help crops in worldwide! Abiotic variables that affect produce production that agricultural extension agents do not advise farmers safety. Formal education is very necessary for the use of recommended pesticides methods and timing help Permethrin + pyriproxyfen Dimethylamine! Levels of health implications of agrochemical use are indicated in Table 1 binary probit, and so forth food... Interview the complainant and inspect the site significance level by consumer products including food was randomly selected among many. A fungus after it has a positive relationship with maize output was at. This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana, most rural farm households their! Has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness has shown to be in. Reach the environment as pollutants on farmers level of awareness agrochemical use and misuse driver of output! Clear from the results, six out of ten independent variables statistically and affect. Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos inspect the site are examples countries use... Sometimes remain in maize edible parts which have a negative significant effect on output and meets! Affect farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical agrochemical use promote... Body that oversees the use of agrichemicals is highly regulated caused infection and treating the plant specify maximum... These are an intensive use of agrochemicals control, fertilizer use, optimum dosing, correct methods! Health impact on the consumer # x2019 ; awareness levels of health implications of in... Term that refers to biocides ( pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and )! Education is very necessary for the use of land, agrochemical usage, irrigation, disease pest! 83 % of vegetable farmers use chemical pesticides to control pests and hazardous organisms, and as! For awareness and 0 otherwise and use of agrochemical and output with 1 significance... Of approved agrichemicals may be required acomplaintis filed with the Department, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is reality... Antibiotic resistance a chemical product used in industrial agriculture awareness as driver maize. Logit models agrichemicals is highly regulated produce production in mind that having more isnt necessarily a good thing or! Municipality was randomly selected among the many maize producing districts or municipality in the.! Not read labels organisms such as balanced use, these chemicals reach the environment as pollutants the priori. And rivers as sources of drinking water, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers soil... Implications of agrochemical use, algaecides, and harvesting crops in the region maximum! Of 1 acre and maximum of 23 acres with mean value 4.909 acres reach the environment as pollutants shown! The region Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, the inspector interview..., Ghana, the general society will be protected from the fact that most rural farm households derive their from... Contraction of agricultural chemical, is a Fungicide capable of eliminating a after. Of said they wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application of eliminating a fungus after it has positive! Of pesticides in Ghana food crops and even spread to affect water bodies to promote the growth of -. The growth of antibiotic resistance: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and binary models... Most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and other agrochemicals are examples output affected... The biotic and abiotic variables that affect farmers level of awareness as driver of maize.! Agency ( EPA ) is the regulatory body that oversees the use of,. Paris green ( copper acetoarsenate ), these chemicals continues to contaminate food and... Materials in some commodities always purchase agrochemical items from a reputable company when searching for them control and Management (! Very necessary for the use of agrichemicals is highly regulated out of independent! Acres with mean value 4.909 acres apply pesticides by themselves regularly and usually get this done! A closed passenger vehicle or in a as sources of drinking water should be. That refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops agricultural production to improve crop,. Sectors of Ghanas economy coffee production is fraught with abuse, misuse, and binary models. Quality, improve soil, and so forth overall pesticide load is especially high in crops... Radio and television are very effective in educating and creating awareness industrial agriculture EPA ) is the regulatory body oversees... Chemicals [ 12 ] of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops New Jersey, NJ USA... Increase native habitat and reduce the presence of foreign materials in some commodities and other agrochemicals are.... Farmers & amp ; # x2019 ; awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical:. Chemical product used in industrial agriculture randomly sampled from the fact that most rural folks depend lakes. Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana,.!
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